Development and application of global techno-economic parameters for selection and operation of transmission line conductors

 

Abstract

The financial implications of losses in transmission and distribution line conductors are analysed, with the introduction of two new universal parameters, viz. Financial Burden Constant (FBC) and Critical Operating Hours (COH). Each size of a transmission line conductor has a distinctive value of FBC and COH. Techno-economic issues related to transmission systems can very conveniently be addressed using these parameters. The uniqueness of these two constants lies in their ability to combine all the techno-commercial parameters associated with transmission lines and to assist in the comparison of all techno-economic issues from a global perspective. The paper demonstrates how the design and the selection, operation and renovation of the transmission line conductors can be carried out straightforwardly with the help of FBC and COH. These parameters form convenient and simple tools for evaluating transmission and distribution line projects and operating on a global platform.

 the protection issues related to distributed generation in distribution networks are considered. Especially, the requirements for the generation unit's protection are discussed. A new graphical approach is used for finding the unambiguous limits of operation. The method is based on using present network planning systems applied widely among network companies. The features and constraints of these systems are considered. The protection planning and coordination are also discussed in a wider aspect. The method proposed is applied in an example case using actual network data.presents a new approach to solve the short-term unit commitment problem using genetic algorithm-based simulated annealing method for utility system.

 The objective of this paper is to find the generation scheduling such that the total operating cost can be minimised when subjected to a variety of constraints. This also means that it is desirable to find the optimal generating unit commitment in the power system for the next H hours. Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are general-purpose optimisation techniques based on principles inspired from the biological evolution using metaphors of mechanisms such as neural section, genetic recombination and survival of the fittest. In this, the unit commitment schedule is coded as a string of symbols. An initial population of parent solutions is generated at random. Here, each schedule is formed by committing all the units according to their initial status ('flat start'). Here, the parents are obtained from a predefined set of solutions, i.e., each and every solution is adjusted to meet the requirements.